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Unlike photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy does not require oxygen to interact with the target cells or tissues. Current studies also show that photothermal therapy is able to use longer wavelegth light, which is less energetic and therefore less harmful to other cells and tissues.

Some research has indicated problems with aggregation of the photosensitizers, local shock waves, hyperthermic effects, but otherwise little phototoxicity.

Many of the side effects and complications, as well as the potential applications of photothermal therapy, are unknown.

[edit] Recent Study

One of the biggest recent successes in photothermal therapy is the use of gold nanoparticles. Spherical gold nanoparticles absorptions have not been optimal for in-vivo applications. This is because the peak absorptions have been limited to 520nm for 10nm diameter silicon nanoparticles to only 580nm for gold nanoparticles approximately 100nm in diameter. Skin, tissues, and hemoglobin have a transmission window from 650nm up to 900nm with a peak transmission at approximately 800nm known as the Near-Infrared Window. This was solved with the recent invention by Cathy Murphy of gold nanorods. The peak absorption of gold nanorods may be tuned from 550nm up to 1 micrometre by altering its aspect ratio. Once tuned, scientists have learned how to remove the toxic byproduct of CTAB with non-cytotoxic polyethylene glycol (PEG). The PEG not only keeps the nanorods from aggregating in serum once injected, they also lend to long circulation times for the gold nanorods. Research has shown that the longer the circulation time, the better adsorption of the nanorods into the cancer tumor. This is non-directional (enhanced permeability and retention effect) and has shown better than 7% accumulation in the cancer tumor from an intravenous injection. Current studies have shown half life circulation times of greater than 15 hours. Once the nanorods have cleared the blood stream, the cancer tumor may be illuminated ex vivo with a diode laser. Nanorods located at distances 10 times their size can still absorb 80% of the incident light energy creating massive heat load to the surrounding cancer tumor. Current studies involve mice but are being extended.

[edit] See also

• Photomedicine
• Light Therapy
• Hyperthermia therapy
• Experimental cancer treatment
• Unproven cancer therapy

[edit] References

• www.news-medical.net

Greek bond holders and banks in Greece give judgment after an exchange of bonds

Most investors have 100,000 to 500,000 euros spent on Greek bonds, the largest investment is 3 million, according to the law firm of Hamburg, said banks not covered by the action.

The process will likely be filed in Washington, banks will be accused did not inform customers about the risks and will be required to pay compensation.

Separately, lawyers will argue that Greece, through the exchange of bonds, the German-Greek violated a treaty that protects investors from Germany political risks.

Investors who have accepted the terms of the bond exchange will not seek compensation, said a lawyer at law firm Groepper Koepke.

Ministry of Finance announced on Monday in Athens conclusion bonds worth 177 billion euros under Greek law held by private investors, marking the first stage of the largest sovereign debt restructuring in history of earth.

Operation of changing the old bonds with new ones started in the morning and only covered bond portfolio of 177 billion euros revenue of Star Wars the old republic.

The new bonds Greek financial markets began Monday at a price a major discount to face value, indicating that investors have already pessimistic expectations about the finances of the Greek State, Wall Street Journal.

According Trade web, new bonds are quoted at 22-26% of the nominal value.

In the largest ever sovereign debt restructuring, private creditors have accepted the loss of 53.5% of the nominal value of bonds. If you are star wars taken into account but unpaid interest on bonds redeemed and maturity extension costs, actual losses amounted to 74%.

eibach sportline SRT4 SRT6 SRT8 SRT10

I"ve had a set of eibach sportline obscure springs laying around and im eventually going to implement them. The usually issue I have is I don"t know that are the rears or the fronts.Any one know?


look Aparate Foto best at the piece on the springs. One should have an F and the alternative R. Once you go to implement them, you"ll be means to discuss it that goes where.

the back ones are shorter than the fronts

The rears have a bigger dump afterwards the fronts. 2.0F 2.4R